Sustainable Agro-Food Systems for Addressing Climate Change and Food Security

Despite world food production keeping pace with population growth because of the Green Revolution, United Nations (UN) State Food Security and Nutrition in World 2022 Report indicates that number people affected by hunger has increased to 828 million 29.3% global insecure, 22% children under five years age stunted. Many more have low-quality, unhealthy diets micronutrient deficiencies leading obesity, diabetes, other diet-related non-communicable diseases. Additionally, current agro-food systems significantly impact environment climate, including soil water resources. Frequent natural disasters resulting from climate change, pandemics, conflicts weaken exacerbate insecurity worldwide. In this review, we outline knowledge alternative agricultural practices for achieving sustainability as well policies need be implemented an equitable distribution resources several goals UN 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development. According Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, animal husbandry, particularly ruminant meat dairy, accounts a significant proportion greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions land use but contributes only 18% energy. contrast, plant-based foods, perennial crops, lowest environmental impacts. Therefore, expanding cultivation perennials, herbaceous replace annual fostering climate-smart choices, implementing subsidies favoring efficient low impact, empowering women, adopting modern biotechnological digital solutions can help transform toward sustainability. There is growing evidence security adequate nutrition achieved using climate-smart, sustainable practices, while reducing negative impacts agriculture, GHG emissions.